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Use with 'yn' to
form the preterite, which corresponds to English 'have been...'
or 'have been to...'. e.g.
Bues i yn yr Eidal
- I have been to Italy
Fues i yn yr Eidal? - Have I been to Italy?
Fues i ddim yn yr Eidal - I haven’t been to Italy.
afirmative
bues/bu+m* i
buest ti
bu(odd) e
bu(odd) hi
buon/buom* ni
buoch chi
buon nhw/buont hwy*
interrogative
fues/fu+m* i?
fuest ti?
fu(odd) e?
fu(odd) hi?
fuon/fuom* ni?
fuoch chi?
fuon nhw?/fuont hwy*
note: in colloquial
speech, the interrogative can take two forms: either use the
affirmative form and use tone of voice to turn it into a question,
or use soft mutation and tone of voice. The soft mutation
is because of 'a', the interrogative particle which is usually
unheard in speech.
negative
fues/fu+m* i ddim
fuest ti ddim
fu(odd) e ddim
fu(odd) hi ddim
fuon/fuom* ni ddim
fuoch chi ddim
fuon nhw ddim/fuont hwy ddim*
alternative
negative using more formal terms
ni bu+m (but not ni bues)
ni buost
ni bu
ni bu
ni buom
ni buoch
ni buont
note: in some areas
you may hear 'ni fu+m', ni fuost, etc. Also note that the
final pronoun is often dropped from this form of negative.
*
more formal forms
get
the text document
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