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gwybod - to know: present and imperfect

These forms of 'gwybod' are pretty much interchangeable with the usual constructions of 'bod' + 'gwybod', e.g. gwn ni = dw i'n gwybod = I know, and gwyddwn i = roeddwn i'n gwybod = I knew. You cannot, however, form a preterite from gwybod because gwybod isn't an action, thus 'gwybododd e' would be incorrect. Do not use with 'yn' - e.g. 'gwn i fod...', 'I know that...'. Also, 'gwybod' is exclusively used to mean 'to know a fact' not 'to know a person'. If you are talking about recognising or knowing a person, use 'nabod'.

present

Gwn i - I know
Wn i? - Do I know?
Wn i ddim - I don't know

affirmative
gwn i
gwyddost ti
gw+yr e
gw+yr hi
gwyddon ni
gwyddoch chi
gwyddon/gwyddan nhw

note: in speech, the 'g' is often dropped from the affirmative form of gwybod, even when there is no apparent reason to.

interrogative
wn i?
wyddost ti?
w+yr e?
w+yr hi?
wyddon ni?
wyddoch chi?
wyddon/wyddan nhw?

negative
wn i ddim
wyddost ti ddim
w+yr e ddim
w+yr hi ddim
wyddon ni ddim
wyddoch chi ddim
wyddon/wyddan nhw ddim

 

imperfect

Gwyddwn i - I knew
Wyddwn i? - Did I know?
Wyddwn i ddim - I didn't know

affirmative
gwyddwn i
gwyddet ti
gwyddai fe
gwyddai hi
gwydden ni
gwyddech chi
gwydden nhw

note: in speech, the 'g' is often dropped from the affirmative form of gwybod, even when there is no apparent reason to.

interrogative
wyddwn i?
wyddet ti?
wyddai fe?
wyddai hi?
wydden ni?
wyddech chi?
wydden nhw?

negative
wyddwn i ddim
wyddet ti ddim
wyddai fe ddim
wyddai hi ddim
wydden ni ddim
wyddech chi ddim
wydden nhw ddim

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