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Dylwn … fod wedi – I should have, I ought to have (S)

There are two ways of saying should have or ought to have (which are treated as conceptually the same) in Welsh, using dylwn … fod wedi (south) and dylswn … fod wedi (north). It’s best to be aware of both, and let local usage dictate which one you use.

Use wedi, not yn. Verbnouns such as codi, to get up, and the negative particle dim do not take soft mutation after wedi. Dylwn is sometimes used with the affirmative particle fe which causes soft mutation.

Affirmative

EnglishWelshAlternativeExamples
I should have, I ought to havedylwn i fod wedife ddylwn i fod wedidylwn i fod wedi codi
you should have, you ought to havedylet ti fod wedife ddylet ti fod wedidylet ti fod wedi codi
he should have, he ought to havedylai fe fod wedife ddylai fe fod wedidylai fe fod wedi codi
she should have, she ought to havedylai hi fod wedife ddylai hi fod wedidylai hi fod wedi codi
Carys should have, Carys ought to havedylai Carys fod wedife ddylai Carys fod wedidylai Carys fod wedi codi
the girls should have, the girls ought to havedylai’r merched fod wedife ddylai’r merched fod wedidylai’r merched fod wedi codi
we should have, we ought to havedylen ni fod wedife ddylen ni fod wedidylen ni fod wedi codi
you should have, you ought to havedylech chi fod wedife ddylech chi fod wedidylech chi fod wedi codi
they should have, they ought to havedylen nhw fod wedife ddylen nhw fod wedidylen nhw fod wedi codi

Interrogative

EnglishWelshAlternativeExamples
should I have? ought I have?ddylwn i fod wedi?ddylwn i fod wedi codi?
should you have? ought you have?ddylet ti fod wedi?ddylet ti fod wedi codi?
should he have? ought he have?ddylai fe fod wedi?ddylai fe fod wedi codi?
should she have? ought she have?ddylai hi fod wedi?ddylai hi fod wedi codi?
should Carys have? ought Carys have?ddylai Carys fod wedi?ddylai Carys fod wedi codi?
should the girls have? ought the girls have?ddylai’r merched fod wedi?ddylai’r merched fod wedi codi?
should we have? ought we have?ddylen ni fod wedi?ddylen ni fod wedi codi?
should you have? ought you have?ddylech chi fod wedi?ddylech chi fod wedi codi?
should they have? ought they have?ddylen nhw fod wedi?ddylen nhw fod wedi codi?

Negative

EnglishWelshAlternativeExamples
I should not have, I ought not haveddylwn i ddim bod wediddylwn i ddim bod wedi codi
you should not have, you ought not haveddylet ti ddim bod wediddylet ti ddim bod wedi codi
he should not have, he ought not haveddylai fe ddim bod wediddylai fe ddim bod wedi codi
she should not have, she ought not haveddylai hi ddim bod wediddylai hi ddim bod wedi codi
Carys should not have, Carys ought not haveddylai Carys ddim bod wediddylai Carys ddim bod wedi codi
the girls should not have, the girls ought not haveddylai’r merched ddim bod wediddylai’r merched ddim bod wedi codi
we should not have, we ought not haveddylen ni ddim bod wediddylen ni ddim bod wedi codi
you should not have, you ought not haveddylech chi ddim bod wediddylech chi ddim bod wedi codi
they should not have, they ought not haveddylen nhw ddim bod wediddylen nhw ddim bod wedi codi
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