Dylswn … fod wedi – I should have, I ought to have (N)
There are two ways of saying should have or ought to have (which are treated as conceptually the same) in Welsh, using dylwn … fod wedi (south) and dylswn … fod wedi (north). It’s best to be aware of both, and let local usage dictate which one you use.
Use wedi, not yn. Verbnouns such as glanhau, to clean, and the negative particle dim do not take soft mutation after wedi. Dylswn is sometimes used with the affirmative particle mi which causes soft mutation.
Affirmative
English
Welsh
Alternative
Examples
I should have, I ought to have
dylswn i fod wedi
mi ddylswn i fod wedi
dylwn i fod wedi glanhau
you should have, you ought to have
dylset ti fod wedi
mi ddylset ti fod wedi
dylet ti fod wedi glanhau
he should have, he ought to have
dylsai fe fod wedi
mi ddylsai fe fod wedi
dylai fe fod wedi glanhau
she should have, she ought to have
dylsai hi fod wedi
mi ddylsai hi fod wedi
dylai hi fod wedi glanhau
Carys should have, Carys ought to have
dylsai Carys fod wedi
mi ddylsai Carys fod wedi
dylai Carys fod wedi glanhau
the girls should have, the girls ought to have
dylsai’r merched fod wedi
mi ddylsai’r merched fod wedi
dylai’r merched fod wedi glanhau
we should have, we ought to have
dylsen ni fod wedi
mi ddylsen ni fod wedi
dylen ni fod wedi glanhau
you should have, you ought to have
dylsech chi fod wedi
mi ddylsech chi fod wedi
dylech chi fod wedi glanhau
they should have, they ought to have
dylsen nhw fod wedi
mi ddylsen nhw fod wedi
dylen nhw fod wedi glanhau
Interrogative
English
Welsh
Alternative
Examples
should I have? ought I have?
ddylswn i fod wedi?
–
ddylwn i fod wedi glanhau?
should you have? ought you have?
ddylset ti fod wedi?
–
ddylet ti fod wedi glanhau?
should he have? ought he have?
ddylsai fe fod wedi?
–
ddylai fe fod wedi glanhau?
should she have? ought she have?
ddylsai hi fod wedi?
–
ddylai hi fod wedi glanhau?
should Carys have? ought Carys have?
ddylsai Carys fod wedi?
–
ddylai Carys fod wedi glanhau?
should the girls have? ought the girls have?
ddylsai’r merched fod wedi?
–
ddylai’r merched fod wedi glanhau?
should we have? ought we have?
ddylsen ni fod wedi?
–
ddylen ni fod wedi glanhau?
should you have? ought you have?
ddylsech chi fod wedi?
–
ddylech chi fod wedi glanhau?
should they have? ought they have?
ddylsen nhw fod wedi?
–
ddylen nhw fod wedi glanhau?
Negative
English
Welsh
Alternative
Examples
I should not have, I ought not have
ddylswn i ddim bod wedi
–
ddylwn i ddim bod wedi glanhau
you should not have, you ought not have
ddylset ti ddim bod wedi
–
ddylet ti ddim bod wedi glanhau
he should not have, he ought not have
ddylsai fe ddim bod wedi
–
ddylai fe ddim bod wedi glanhau
she should not have, she ought not have
ddylsai hi ddim bod wedi
–
ddylai hi ddim bod wedi glanhau
Carys should not have, Carys ought not have
ddylsai Carys ddim bod wedi
–
ddylai Carys ddim bod wedi glanhau
the girls should not have, the girls ought not have