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Answering ‘yes’ or ‘no’ in Welsh is not quite
as straight forward as saying ‘ie’ or ‘nage’.
When someone starts a question with words like ‘are you?’
or ‘were they?’, then you have to answer by echoing the
question back, e.g. ‘I am’ or ‘I’m not’;
‘they were’ or ‘they weren’t’.
This, of course, means that you have to remember which question
demands which form, as questions like ‘am I?’ can either
require the ti form or the chi form in the response for ‘you
are’ or ‘you aren’t’. If you can’t get
your head round it, you can always fall back on ‘wrth gwrs’
(of course) or ‘dw i’m yn siwr’ (I’m not sure).
Or just nod/shake your head!
Note that the negative form can be written ‘nac’ or ‘nag’,
and pronounced ‘nag’ (most common), ‘nac’, or
‘nach’.
| |
Interrogative |
Yes |
No |
| |
|
|
|
| Existential present |
|
|
|
| is/are there? |
oes? |
oes |
nac oes |
| |
|
|
|
| Existential imperfect (past) |
|
|
| was/were there? |
oedd? |
oedd |
nac oedd |
| |
|
|
|
| Existential future |
|
|
|
| will there be? |
fydd? |
bydd |
na fydd |
| |
|
|
|
| Present |
|
|
|
| am i? |
ydw i? |
wyt/ydych |
nac wyt/ydych |
| are you? |
(wyt) ti? |
ydw |
nac ydw |
| is he? |
ydy/yw e? |
ydy |
nac ydy/yw |
| is she? |
ydy/yw hi? |
ydy |
nac ydy/yw |
| are we? |
ydan ni?/(yd)yn ni? |
ydych/ydyn |
nac ydych/ydyn |
| are you? |
(y)dach chi?/
(yd)ych chi? |
ydw/ydyn |
nac ydw/ydyn |
| are they? |
ydyn nhw? |
ydyn |
nac ydyn |
| |
|
|
|
| Imperfect (written) |
|
|
|
| was i? |
oeddwn i? |
oeddet/ oeddech |
nac oeddet/ oeddech |
| were you? |
oeddet ti? |
oeddwn |
nac oeddwn |
| was he? |
oedd e? |
oedd |
nac oedd |
| was she? |
oedd hi? |
oedd |
nac oedd |
| were we? |
oedden ni? |
oedden |
nac oedden |
| were you? |
oeddech chi? |
oeddwn/oedden |
nac oeddwn/oedden |
| were they? |
oedden nhw? |
oedden |
nac oedden |
| |
|
|
|
| Imperfect (spoken) |
|
|
|
| was i? |
o'n i? |
o't/o'ch |
nac o't/o'ch |
| were you? |
o't ti? |
o'n |
nac o'n |
| was he? |
oedd e? |
oedd |
nac oedd |
| was she? |
oedd hi? |
oedd |
nac oedd |
| were we? |
o'n ni? |
o'n |
nac o'n |
| were you? |
o'ch chi? |
o'n |
nac o'n |
| were they? |
o'n nhw? |
o'n |
nac o'n |
| |
|
|
|
| Future |
|
|
|
| will I (be)? |
fydda i? |
byddi/byddwch |
na fyddi/ fyddwch |
| will you (be)? |
fyddi di? |
bydda(f) |
na fydda(f) |
| will he (be)? |
fydd e? |
bydd |
na fydd |
| will she (be)? |
fydd hi? |
bydd |
na fydd |
| will we (be)? |
fyddwn ni? |
byddwn |
na fyddwn |
| will you (be)? |
fyddwch chi? |
bydda(f)/byddwn |
na fydda(f)/fyddwn |
| will they (be)? |
fyddan nhw? |
byddan |
na fyddan |
| |
|
|
|
| Inflected preterite (simple past) |
|
| did i...? |
-es/-ais i? |
do |
naddo |
| did you...? |
-est ti? |
do |
naddo |
| did he...? |
-odd e? |
do |
naddo |
| did she...? |
-odd hi? |
do |
naddo |
| did we...? |
-on ni? |
do |
naddo |
| did you...? |
-och chi? |
do |
naddo |
| did they...? |
-on nhw? |
do |
naddo |
| |
|
|
|
| Preterite of 'bod' |
|
|
|
| have I been (to)? |
fues/fu^m* i? |
do |
naddo |
| have you been (to)? |
fuest ti? |
do |
naddo |
| has he been (to)? |
fu(odd) e? |
do |
naddo |
| has she been (to)? |
fu(odd) hi? |
do |
naddo |
| have we been (to)? |
fuon/fuom* ni? |
do |
naddo |
| have you been (to)? |
fuoch chi? |
do |
naddo |
| have they been (to)? |
fuon nhw?/fuont hwy* |
do |
naddo |
| |
*more formal |
|
|
| |
|
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| Inflected future |
|
|
|
| will I? |
-a i? |
do |
naddo |
| will you? |
-i di? |
do |
naddo |
| will he? |
-ith e/o? |
do |
naddo |
| will she? |
-ith hi? |
do |
naddo |
| will we? |
-wn ni? |
do |
naddo |
| will you? |
-wch chi? |
do |
naddo |
| will they? |
-an nhw? |
do |
naddo |
| |
|
|
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| Galla - can |
|
|
|
| can I? |
alla i? |
gelli/galli/gallwch |
na elli/alli/allwch |
| can you? |
alli/elli* di? |
galla |
na alla |
| can he? |
all e? |
gall |
na all |
| can she? |
all hi? |
gall |
na all |
| can we? |
allwn ni? |
gallwn |
na allwn |
| can you? |
allwch/ellwch chi? |
galla/gallwn |
na alla/allwn |
| can they? |
allan nhw? |
gallan |
na allan |
| |
*elli di is more common |
|
|
| Medra (north) - can |
|
|
|
| can I? |
fedra i? |
medri/medrwch |
na fedri/fedrwch |
| can you? |
fedri di? |
medra |
na fedra |
| can he? |
fedr* fo? |
medr |
na fedr |
| can she? |
fedr hi? |
medr |
na fedr |
| can we? |
fedrwn ni? |
medrwn |
na fedrwn |
| can you? |
fedrwch chi? |
medra/medrwn |
na fedra/fedrwn |
| can they? |
fedran nhw? |
medran |
na fedran |
| |
*often pronounced 'fedar' |
|
|
| Gallwn - could |
|
|
|
| could I? |
allwn i? |
gallet/gallech |
na allet/allech |
| could you? |
allet ti? |
gallwn |
na allwn |
| could he? |
allai fe? |
gallai |
na allai |
| could she? |
allai hi? |
gallai |
na allai |
| could we? |
allen ni? |
gallen |
na allen |
| could you? |
allech chi? |
gallwn/gallen |
na allwn/allen |
| could they? |
allen nhw? |
gallen |
na allen |
| |
|
|
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| Medrwn - could |
|
|
|
| could I? |
fedrwn i? |
medret/ medrech |
na fedret/fedrech |
| could you? |
fedret ti? |
medrwn |
na fedrwn |
| could he? |
fedrai fo? |
medrai |
na fedrai |
| could she? |
fedrai hi? |
medrai |
na fedrai |
| could we? |
fedren ni? |
medren |
na fedren |
| could you? |
fedrech chi? |
medrwn/ medren |
na fedrwn/fedren |
| could they? |
fedren nhw? |
medren |
na fedren |
| |
|
|
|
| Byddwn - would |
|
|
|
| would I? |
fyddwn i? |
byddet/byddech |
na fyddet/fyddech |
| would you? |
fyddet ti? |
byddwn |
na fyddwn |
| would he? |
fyddai fe? |
byddai |
na fyddai |
| would she? |
fyddai hi? |
byddai |
na fyddai |
| would we? |
fydden ni? |
bydden |
na fydden |
| would you? |
fyddech chi? |
byddwn/bydden |
na fyddwn/fydden |
| would they? |
fydden nhw? |
bydden |
na fydden |
| |
|
|
|
| Baswn - would |
|
|
|
| would I? |
(fa)swn i? |
(ba)set/(ba)sech |
na (fa)set/(fa)sech |
| would you? |
(fa)set ti? |
(ba)swn |
na (fa)swn |
| would he? |
(fa)sai fo? |
(ba)sai |
na (fa)sai |
| would she? |
(fa)sai hi? |
(ba)sai |
na (fa)sai |
| would we? |
(fa)sen ni? |
(ba)sen |
na (fa)sen |
| would you? |
(fa)sech chi? |
(ba)swn/(ba)sen |
na (fa)swn/(fa)sen |
| would they? |
(fa)sen nhw? |
(ba)sen |
na (fa)sen |
| |
|
|
|
| Dylwn - ought to/should |
| ought/should I? |
ddylwn i? |
dylet/dylech |
na ddylet/ddylech |
| ought/should you? |
ddylet ti? |
dylwn |
na ddylwn |
| ought/should he? |
ddylai fe/fo? |
dylai |
na ddylai |
| ought/should she? |
ddylai hi? |
dylai |
na ddylai |
| ought/should we? |
ddylen ni? |
dylen |
na ddylen |
| ought/should you? |
ddylech chi? |
dylwn/dylen |
na ddylwn/ddylen |
| ought/should they? |
ddylen nhw? |
dylen |
na ddylen |
| |
|
|
|
| Dylswn - ought to/should |
| ought/should I? |
ddylswn i? |
dylset/dylsech |
na ddylset/ddylsech |
| ought/should you? |
ddylset ti? |
dylswn |
na ddylswn |
| ought/should he? |
ddylsai fe/fo? |
dylsai |
na ddylsai |
| ought/should she? |
ddylsai hi? |
dylsai |
na ddylsai |
| ought/should we? |
ddylsen ni? |
dylsen |
na ddylsen |
| ought/should you? |
ddylsech chi? |
dylswn/dylsen |
na ddylswn/dylsen |
| ought/should they? |
ddylsen nhw? |
dylsen |
na ddylsen |
| |
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| Hoffwn - would like |
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|
|
| would I like? |
hoffwn i? |
hoffet/hoffech |
na hoffet/hoffech |
| would you like? |
hoffet ti? |
hoffwn |
na hoffwn |
| would he like? |
hoffai fe? |
hoffai |
na hoffai |
| would she like? |
hoffai hi? |
hoffai |
na hoffai |
| would we like? |
hoffen ni? |
hoffen |
na hoffen |
| would you like? |
hoffech chi? |
hoffwn/hoffen |
na hoffwn/hoffen |
| would they like? |
hoffen nhw? |
hoffen |
na hoffen |
| |
|
|
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| Leiciwn - would like |
|
|
|
| would I like? |
leiciwn i? |
leiciet/leiciech |
na leiciet/leiciech |
| would you like? |
leiciet ti? |
leiciwn |
na leiciwn |
| would he like? |
leiciai fe? |
leiciai |
na leiciai |
| would she like? |
leiciai he? |
leiciai |
na leiciai |
| would we like? |
leicien ni? |
leicien |
na leicien |
| would you like? |
leiciech chi? |
leiciwn/leicien |
na leiciwn/leicien |
| would they like? |
leicien nhw? |
leicien |
na leicien |
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