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There are several ways of saying ‘this/these’ or ‘that/those’
in Welsh, depending on the gender and quanitity of the things indicated.
The first way is used for pointing out single things ore general
groups of things, and is equivalent to ‘this one’ or ‘those
ones’ etc.
| hwn |
this one (masculine) |
hwnnw/hwnna |
that one (masculine) |
| hon |
this one (feminine) |
honno/honna |
that one (feminine) |
| hyn |
this (general) |
hynny |
that (general) |
| y rhain |
these (ones) |
y rheina/rheiny |
those (ones) |
There are then two ways of saying ‘that book’ or ‘this
cat’ etc. One uses hwn, hon, etc. as above, the other uses
‘yma’ (here) and ‘yna’ (there), which are usually
shortened to ‘ma and ‘na.
the ‘hwn’ system
| masculine |
|
|
|
| y llyfr hwn |
this book |
y llyfr hwwnw |
that book |
| y llyfrau hyn |
these books |
y llyfrau hynny |
those books |
| feminine |
|
|
|
| y gath hon |
this cat |
y gath honno |
that cat |
| y cathod hyn |
these cats |
y cathod hynny |
those cats |
the ‘yma/yna’ system
| y peth ‘ma |
this thing |
y peth ‘na |
that thing |
| y pethau ‘ma |
these things |
y pethau ‘na |
those things |
Note: The 'hwn' system is more formal, and the latter 'yma/yna'
system is easiest because you do not need to know the gender of
the item you are discussing.
the others…
The word for ‘other’ in Welsh is ‘arall’, and
the plural form is ‘eraill’, thus you have ‘y person
arall’ (the other person), and ‘y bobl eraill’ (the
other people); and ‘yr un arall’ (the other one), and
‘yr rhai eraill’ (the other ones).
‘Arall’ is also used for ‘another’, e.g. ‘diod
arall’ (another drink). ‘Un arall’ (another one)
is the prounoun form, e.g. ‘Wyt ti eisiau un arall?’ (do
you want another one?)
When ‘other’ is used as a pronoun, then you use ‘llall’
(singular) or ‘lleill’ (plural), thus you have ‘beth
am y llall?’ (what about the other [one]?), or ‘beth am
y lleill?’ (what about the others?).
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