When a preposition is followed by a pronoun, the preposition’s ending changes. Most prepositions change in the same way, but two – i and gan – are irregular. This page lists some of the most common prepositions with personal endings.
Some prepositions also have longer stems when a personal ending is added, eg ar becomes arn-, o becomes ohon-, and am becomes amdan-, and ones changes its internal vowel, so rhwng becomes rhyng-. Keep an eye out for that.
In colloquial Welsh, the third person – him and her – often drops the pronoun, so iddo fo becomes iddo, arni hi becomes arni, and amdano fe becomes amdano, etc.
And although I’ve done my best to group similar variations together, grammatical sources are not always clear on which versions ‘belong’ together, so the columns are for clarity rather than to indicate a clear North, South or other grouping. You may, for example, find someone who says i mi and iddo fe.
There are also additional literary and colloquial forms listed on Wiktionary.org which I have not listed here. It’s always best to go with local practice.
Irregular prepositions
i – to
English
Alt 1
Alt 2
to me
i mi
i fi
to you
i ti
i ti
to him
iddo fo
iddo fe
to her
iddi hi
iddi hi
to us
i ni
inni
to you
i chi
i chi
to them
iddyn nhw
iddyn nhw
gan – with, by (authorship), and possession in the North
English
Alt 1
Alt 2
Alt 3
with me
gyn i
gen i
gen i
with you
gyn ti
gen ti
gen ti/gennyt
with him
gynno fo/fe
ganddo fo/fe
gynno fo/fe
with her
gynni hi
ganddi hi
gynni hi
with us
gynnon ni
ganddon ni
gynnon ni
with you
gynnoch chi
gennych chi
gynnoch chi
with them
gynnyn nhw
ganddyn nhw
gynnyn nhw
Regular prepositions
Regular endings
English
Alt 1
Alt 2
me
-a i
-o i
you
-at ti
-ot ti
him
-o fo/fe
-o fo/fe
her
-i hi
-i hi
us
-on ni
-on ni
you
-och chi
-och chi
them
-yn nhw
-yn nhw
ar (on, at, in)
English
Alt 1
Alt 2
on me
arna i
arno i
on you
arnat ti
arnot ti
on him
arno fo/fe
arno fo/fe
on her
arni hi
arni hi
on us
arnon ni
arnon ni
on you
arnoch chi
arnoch chi
on them
arnyn nhw
arnyn nhw
at (to, for, at, by)
English
Alt 1
Alt 2
to me
ata i
ato i
to you
atat ti
atot ti
to him
ato fo/fe
ato fo/fe
to her
ati hi
ati hi
to us
aton ni
aton ni
to you
atoch chi
atoch chi
to them
atyn nhw
atyn nhw
o (of, from)
English
Alt 1
Alt 2
of me
ohona i
ohono i
of you
ohonat ti
ohonot ti
of him
ohono fo/fe
ohono fo/fe
of her
ohoni hi
ohoni hi
of us
ohonon ni
ohonon ni
of you
ohonoch chi
ohonoch chi
of them
ohonyn nhw
ohonyn nhw
am (for)
English
Alt 1
Alt 2
for me
amdana i
amdano i
for you
amdanat ti
amdanot ti
for him
amdano fo/fe
amdano fo/fe
for her
amdani hi
amdani hi
for us
amdanon ni
amdanon ni
for you
amdanoch chi
amdanoch chi
for them
amdanyn nhw
amdanyn nhw
wrth (by, to, from, towards, up to, while, because)