prepositions part 2 As we're at it... here are the rest! aboard - general usage = ar [sm] = ar fwrdd above - physically above something = uwchben = uwchlaw - previously (in a letter, etc) = uchod according to - general usage = yn ôl = chadal (colloquial) across - general usage = ar draws = dros [sm] after - general usage = ar ôl = wedi (more formal) against - opposing = yn erbyn - contrary to = yn groes i [sm] - next to = wrth [sm] ago - general usage = yn ôl note that the time phrase precedes, and undergoes soft mutation, e.g. 'funud yn ôl', a minute ago. ahead (or in front of) - general usage = o flaen along - general usage = ar hyd among(st) - general usage = ymhlith = ymysg (not so common) apart from - general usage = heblaw ('blaw) = ar wahân i [sm] = ac eithro around - location = o amgylch = o gwmpas - appoximately = tua [am] because of - general usage = oherwydd = o achos before - time = cyn - in front of = o flaen behind - general usage = tu cefn i [sm] = tu ôl i [sm] below - underneath = dan [sm] = o dan [sm] beneath - general usage = dan [sm] = o dan [sm] beside - general usage = wrth ochor = wrth ochr = wrth ymyl = yn ymyl = ar bwys (Southern variant) - geographically = ar lan between - general usage = rhwng beyond - general usage = tu hwnt i [sm] = tu draw i [sm] despite - general usage = er gwaetha(f) during - general usage = yn ystod except - general usage = heblaw ('blaw) = ac eithrio = ar wahân i [sm] following - general usage = yn sgîl including - general usage = gan gynnwys inside - general usage = tu fewn i [sm] = tu mewn i [sm] into - general usage = i [sm] - implying motion = i mewn i [sm] like - general usage = fel minus - subtraction (e.g. 6-4=2) = namyn - negative numbers (e.g. -60°) = minws - without = heb [sm] near - general usage = yn agos i [sm] = yn ymyl = gerllaw = ar bwys (Southern variation) - geographically = ger onto - general usage = ar [sm] opposite - general usage = gyferbyn â [nm] = gyferbyn i [sm] outside - general usage = tu allan i [sm] - in front of = o flaen past - motion = heibio i [sm] - in telling the time = wedi per - general usage = y, yr, 'r plus - addition (e.g. 4+4=8) = â [nm] - positive numbers (e.g. +25°) = plws regarding - general usage = ynghylch = yngly+n â round - general usage = o gwmpas = o amgylch = am (occasionally used) since - general usage = ers than - general usage = na [nm], nag (before vowels) through - general usage = drwy [sm], trwy [sm] (written form) throughout - general usage = drwy [sm], trwy [sm] (written form) - time = drwy [sm], trwy [sm] (written form) - space = ledled till - general usage = tan = hyd (especially with specific times) towards - general usage = tuag at [sm] = tua [nm] -time, at about = tua [nm] - in attitude to someone = wrth [sm] underneath - general usage = dan [sm] = o dan [sm] until - general usage = hyd [sm] = tan [sm] up - general usage = i fyny (Northern variant) = lan (Southern variant) up to - general usage = hyd at [sm] versus - general usage = yn erbyn within - location = tu fewn i [sm] = tu mewn i [sm] - time = o fewn = cyn pen - distance = o fewn without - general usage = heb [sm]