How to say yes and no Answering 'yes' or 'no' in Welsh is not quite as straight forward as saying 'ie' or 'nage'. When someone starts a question with words like 'are you?' or 'were they?', then you have to answer by echoing the question back, e.g. 'I am' or 'I'm not'; 'they were' or 'they weren't'. This, of course, means that you have to remember which question demands which form, as questions like 'am I?' can either require the ti form or the chi form in the response for 'you are' or 'you aren't'. If you can't get your head round it, you can always fall back on 'wrth gwrs' (of course) or 'dw i'm yn siwr' (I'm not sure). Or just nod/shake your head! Note that the negative form can be written 'nac' or 'nag', and pronounced 'nag' (most common), 'nac', or 'nach'. Interrogative Yes No Existential present is/are there? oes? oes nac oes Existential imperfect (past) was/were there? oedd? oedd nac oedd Existential future will there be? fydd? bydd na fydd Present am i? ydw i? wyt/ydych nac wyt/ydych are you? (wyt) ti? ydw nac ydw is he? ydy/yw e? ydy nac ydy/yw is she? ydy/yw hi? ydy nac ydy/yw are we? ydan ni?/(yd)yn ni? ydych/ydyn nac ydych/ydyn are you? (y)dach chi?/(yd)ych chi? ydw/ydyn nac ydw/ydyn are they? ydyn nhw? ydyn nac ydyn Imperfect (written) was i? oeddwn i? oeddet/ oeddech nac oeddet/ oeddech were you? oeddet ti? oeddwn nac oeddwn was he? oedd e? oedd nac oedd was she? oedd hi? oedd nac oedd were we? oedden ni? oedden nac oedden were you? oeddech chi? oeddwn/oedden nac oeddwn/oedden were they? oedden nhw? oedden nac oedden Imperfect (spoken) was i? o'n i? o't/o'ch nac o't/o'ch were you? o't ti? o'n nac o'n was he? oedd e? oedd nac oedd was she? oedd hi? oedd nac oedd were we? o'n ni? o'n nac o'n were you? o'ch chi? o'n nac o'n were they? o'n nhw? o'n nac o'n Future will I (be)? fydda i? byddi/byddwch na fyddi/ fyddwch will you (be)? fyddi di? bydda(f) na fydda(f) will he (be)? fydd e? bydd na fydd will she (be)? fydd hi? bydd na fydd will we (be)? fyddwn ni? byddwn na fyddwn will you (be)? fyddwch chi? bydda(f)/byddwn na fydda(f)/fyddwn will they (be)? fyddan nhw? byddan na fyddan inflected preterite (simple past) did i...? -es/-ais i? do naddo did you...? -est ti? do naddo did he...? -odd e? do naddo did she...? -odd hi? do naddo did we...? -on ni? do naddo did you...? -och chi? do naddo did they...? -on nhw? do naddo Preterite of 'bod' have I been (to)? fues/fu^m* i? do naddo have you been (to)? fuest ti? do naddo has he been (to)? fu(odd) e? do naddo has she been (to)? fu(odd) hi? do naddo have we been (to)? fuon/fuom* ni? do naddo have you been (to)? fuoch chi? do naddo have they been (to)? fuon nhw?/fuont hwy* do naddo *more formal inflected future will I? -a i? do naddo will you? -i di? do naddo will he? -ith e/o? do naddo will she? -ith hi? do naddo will we? -wn ni? do naddo will you? -wch chi? do naddo will they? -an nhw? do naddo galla - can can I? alla i? gelli/galli/ gallwch na elli/alli/allwch can you? alli/elli* di? galla na alla can he? all e? gall na all can she? all hi? gall na all can we? allwn ni? gallwn na allwn can you? allwch/ellwch chi? galla/gallwn na alla/allwn can they? allan nhw? gallan na allan *elli di is more common medra (north) - can can I? fedra i? medri/medrwch na fedri/fedrwch can you? fedri di? medra na fedra can he? fedr* fo? medr na fedr can she? fedr hi? medr na fedr can we? fedrwn ni? medrwn na fedrwn can you? fedrwch chi? medra/medrwn na fedra/fedrwn can they? fedran nhw? medran na fedran *often pronounced 'fedar' gallwn - could could I? allwn i? gallet/gallech na allet/allech could you? allet ti? gallwn na allwn could he? allai fe? gallai na allai could she? allai hi? gallai na allai could we? allen ni? gallen na allen could you? allech chi? gallwn/gallen na allwn/allen could they? allen nhw? gallen na allen medrwn - could could I? fedrwn i? medret/ medrech na fedret/fedrech could you? fedret ti? medrwn na fedrwn could he? fedrai fo? medrai na fedrai could she? fedrai hi? medrai na fedrai could we? fedren ni? medren na fedren could you? fedrech chi? medrwn/ medren na fedrwn/fedren could they? fedren nhw? medren na fedren byddwn - would would I? fyddwn i? byddet/byddech na fyddet/fyddech would you? fyddet ti? byddwn na fyddwn would he? fyddai fe? byddai na fyddai would she? fyddai hi? byddai na fyddai would we? fydden ni? bydden na fydden would you? fyddech chi? byddwn/bydden na fyddwn/fydden would they? fydden nhw? bydden na fydden baswn - would would I? (fa)swn i? (ba)set/(ba)sech na (fa)set/(fa)sech would you? (fa)set ti? (ba)swn na (fa)swn would he? (fa)sai fo? (ba)sai na (fa)sai would she? (fa)sai hi? (ba)sai na (fa)sai would we? (fa)sen ni? (ba)sen na (fa)sen would you? (fa)sech chi? (ba)swn/(ba)sen na (fa)swn/(fa)sen would they? (fa)sen nhw? (ba)sen na (fa)sen dylwn - ought to/should ought/should I? ddylwn i? dylet/dylech na ddylet/ddylech ought/should you? ddylet ti? dylwn na ddylwn ought/should he? ddylai fe/fo? dylai na ddylai ought/should she? ddylai hi? dylai na ddylai ought/should we? ddylen ni? dylen na ddylen ought/should you? ddylech chi? dylwn/dylen na ddylwn/ddylen ought/should they? ddylen nhw? dylen na ddylen dylswn - ought to/should ought/should I? ddylswn i? dylset/dylsech na ddylset/ddylsech ought/should you? ddylset ti? dylswn na ddylswn ought/should he? ddylsai fe/fo? dylsai na ddylsai ought/should she? ddylsai hi? dylsai na ddylsai ought/should we? ddylsen ni? dylsen na ddylsen ought/should you? ddylsech chi? dylswn/dylsen na ddylswn/dylsen ought/should they? ddylsen nhw? dylsen na ddylsen hoffwn - would like would I like? hoffwn i? hoffet/hoffech na hoffet/hoffech would you like? hoffet ti? hoffwn na hoffwn would he like? hoffai fe? hoffai na hoffai would she like? hoffai hi? hoffai na hoffai would we like? hoffen ni? hoffen na hoffen would you like? hoffech chi? hoffwn/hoffen na hoffwn/hoffen would they like? hoffen nhw? hoffen na hoffen leiciwn - would like would I like? leiciwn i? leiciet/leiciech na leiciet/leiciech would you like? leiciet ti? leiciwn na leiciwn would he like? leiciai fe? leiciai na leiciai would she like? leiciai he? leiciai na leiciai would we like? leicien ni? leicien na leicien would you like? leiciech chi? leiciwn/leicien na leiciwn/leicien would they like? leicien nhw? leicien na leicien