inflected preterite (simple past)

"I phoned"
"Did I phone?"
"I didn't phone"

Put these endings on to the stem of the verbnoun, e.g. 'I sat would be 'eisteddes i'. See also notes below.

affirmative
-es i
-est ti
-odd e
-odd hi
-on ni
-och chi
-on nhw

interrogative
-es i?	
-est ti?	
-odd e?	
-odd hi?	
-on ni?	
-och chi?	
-on nhw?	

"yes" do
"no" naddo

negative
-es i ddim
-est ti ddim
-odd e ddim
-odd hi ddim
-on ni ddim
-och chi ddim
-on nhw ddim


1. Affirmative form can be preceded by affirmative marker mi (N) or fe (S). , which cause SM. 
2. No linking 'yn' is required between the verbnoun and the subject, e.g. 'weles i'n doe' would be incorrect. 
3. Soft mutation is used after the subject of the sentence, e.g. Mi brynodd Sarah fara - Sarah bought bread; and after a personal ending, e.g. weles i gath - I saw a cat. 
4. Mutation of beginning of stems: Aff - none or SM, Int - SM, Neg - AM or SM. 
5. Use 'mo' instead of 'dim' if before either 'the' or a particularised word, e.g. 'weles i mo'r ffilm', 'I didn't see the film'.